ADATS on Friday was a great day of diabetes technology and treatment advancements.

There was a lot about automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, which, when you think about it, is really what is at the cutting edge of available diabetes therapies in 2018. David Burren, the Bionic Wookiee, gave a keynote on his experience using DIYAPS and why it works for him. And smart endocrinologist Dr Barbora Paldus gave what I heard was a fabulous talk about different AID systems, including what is coming onto the commercial market as well as DIY systems, and providing details (using terminology that made sense to everyone!) about the different algorithms. And fuzzy logic. I’m so annoyed I missed her talk, but it was on at the same time as the session I was chairing (and it’s bad form for the chair to leave the room to go to hear other speakers).

Before going any further, let me say this – not as an statement of tokenism, but as absolutely heartfelt and something I believe one hundred percent. We can talk about systems that automate insulin delivery with the aim to improve diabetes outcomes, but until these are affordable, accessible and available for everyone who wants to use them, we must acknowledge that these technologies will not be able to be used by most people with diabetes. Everyone ‘working in diabetes’ has an obligation to work towards improving access and affordability to minimise the ‘haves’ and ‘haves not’ landscape that we are already seeing, and will see even more in the future.

I chaired a session that focused on the current MiniMed 670G system trials underway in Australia and then hijacked the panel discussion in the afternoon about the topic because the consumer rep. had to leave early. So, where are we with approval for this system (and how long before lucky people can get their hands on one)? Well, the pump is now approved through the TGA, however is not being provided to PWD yet. The new sensor has not received approval yet, and the system as a whole has not either. Medtronic Australia is saying that they are hoping it will be available by the end of the year. The approval process is out of their hands, but I know they are working super hard on their end to get this to PWD as soon as they can.

I have spoken with a few people who have done the trial here in Australia. We need to remember that trial conditions are often not ‘real life’ conditions, so what I am writing about today does not necessarily reflect the experiences of people using the 670G every day and outside of trial conditions. (The system has been launched in the US and there are lots of stories online from people who have chosen to use this system and I would encourage anyone thinking about using it to search for and find what they have to say.)

Research guinea pig and 670G study participant, Leanne Foster.

The session last Friday was comprehensive in that it included presentations from HCPs in the private and public sectors, adult and paediatric settings, a dietitian, and (thankfully) a psychologist. For me, the highlight was hearing from self-proclaimed research guinea pig, (and friend for over fifteen years) Leanne Foster, who has been a long time diabetes technology study participant and was involved in the study.

From listening to the details of the study design, this was not trial for the fainthearted! There were significant demands placed on participants, and expectations were high. To be clear, participants were not given the system, provided with a bit of training and sent on their merry way to simply live alongside the device back in their everyday world. There was a lot of logging, counting, device wearing (not just the pump and CGM that make up the 670G system).

I think it is important to mention this, because one of the themes that was repeated by several speakers was that for many participants, their own burden of diabetes – how much they thought about their diabetes and what they were required to do – increased while using the system on the trial.

It is also important to mention that this is a first generation device. The system that will be launched here is likely to be the same as the one in the US, yet there have already been more sophisticated and aggressive algorithms developed and tested as part of this trial.

While possibly unfair, it is impossible to not compare experiences of people using the 670G and DIYAPS, because these systems are endeavouring to do the same thing: automate insulin delivery, increase TIR, reduce what the PWD is required to do.

And there were some things that struck me as really widening the gap between the two systems.

Firstly, the concept of added burden was astounding as my personal diabetes burden is the lowest it has ever been in the twenty years I’ve lived with diabetes. Since Looping, I think about diabetes far less than I did beforehand.

That burden is not only applicable to PWD. Many of the HCPs who presented said that they found themselves required out of hours significantly more with people using the 670G. I have not once called my HPC about any diabetes-related matter in the last 15 months I’ve been Looping. Obviously, I wouldn’t be contacting her if there was an issue with the system, but I’ve not contacted her for any general diabetes trouble-shooting that would result in me making changes to any of the settings on my tech.

There was a lot of talk about the 670G system ‘booting out’ of auto mode, meaning that automated insulin deliver doses stop, instead going back to the fixed basal rates set in the pump. This happened every day for many people; several times and for a number of hours at a time. I can say that in my experience, my system loops continuously. There are extremely rare times where my green circle turns red, and the pump reverts back to delivering what is set as my basals. But I am always able to troubleshoot by following a few basic steps and Loop will inevitably return to green.

One thing that struck me, was the number of times we heard about the system struggling to cope with the day-to-day lives of the trial participants, and the only way around that was for them to amend their behaviour. There was one moment that had me sitting there in disbelief when I heard the example of one trial participant who was having recurrent lows overnight and the only way to remedy that was for them to have 10g of carbs before bed. Suddenly, I was thrown back to 1998, being on Protophane and Act Rapid, and the only way I could keep horrid night-time lows at bay was to have a glass of milk with corn powder before bed. (Anyone else do that?)

The very idea that new devices being developed will require PWD to change their behaviour for said device to ‘cope’ with our real life is astonishing! This is, without a doubt, a step backwards in my mind. I know that my experience of Loop is that it has easily been able to adapt to my incredibly un-predictable life that includes far too much travel to different time zones, a varied and sometimes erratic diet and days where I have walked 30,000 steps with others where I’ve been horizontal for most of the day. I haven’t had to modify my behaviour in any way to please my Loop, and I’m not sure I would be so enamoured by it if I did.

What is definitely not a step backwards however – in fact it’s a monumental leap forward – is the potential of this technology and technology like it. As a convert of automated insulin delivery systems, the idea that people will be able to soon access devices that commercially available, under warranty and supported by the company’s customer service is only a great thing. Not everyone wants to build their own system, not everyone is comfortable using a DIY system, especially if they don’t feel they have complete support of their HCPs. Once the 670G becomes available, many of the concerns PWD have will be alleviated. Adding choice is only ever a good thing.

But perhaps the most telling sentiment about how the technology impacts on real life came from Leanne. She loved the idea and experience of automated so much (even with all the disclaimers of the trial requirements) that when she was forced to hand back the 670G system when she finished her part of the trial, she as having none of it! After begging to keep hold of the system (which she knew simply could not happen), she had everything ready to go to build her own DIYAPS and has happily joined the Loop family for now. The capabilities of the 670G technology – the automation and the results – such as the improved sleep – were too much of a good thing and she was not prepared to go back to what she had beforehand. And THAT is telling.

Automated insulin delivery panel. L-R: David O’Neal, Sue Wyatt, Kerryn Roem; Jane Speight, Tim Jones, Spiros Fourlanos, me, Jane Holmes-Walker, Melinda Mus

Disclosure

My flights from Melbourne to Sydney were covered by the National Association of Diabetes Centres (NADC), the organisers of ADATS. I am on the organising committee for the conference.

I am not involved in the Medtronic MiniMed 670G trial. I have worked with and consulted for Medtronic on other projects.